How do people train their dogs here?

I moved to the UK recently and most of the dogs seem extremely well-behaved. They are very chill indoors, even in noisy and crowded city environments, rarely go up to sniff strangers in parks, and mostly seem to have good recall off leash (except Fenton). Maybe I've just been lucky but the dogs here generally seem like a happy and well-adjusted bunch. How do you train your dogs?

Asking because I know the UK generally has quite different ideas about cats and allowing them to roam compared with the US, so I was wondering if there is a similar difference in dog training methods here vs the mostly-American sources I see online.